{"id":9,"date":"2012-04-16T21:07:34","date_gmt":"2012-04-17T01:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/enbisys.ece.ncsu.edu\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2026-05-08T12:55:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T16:55:10","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n<p id=\"top\">The EnBiSys Lab is a highly collaborative, multidisciplinary research group housed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/ece.ncsu.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.ncsu.edu\/psi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">N.C. Plant Sciences Initiative<\/a> at NC State University. We collaborate with researchers in many diverse fields, such as plant and microbial biology, forestry, chemical engineering and others. We develop techniques for understanding and influencing biological systems by using theories and methodologies from traditional electrical engineering areas, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Machine Learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digital and Biological Signal and Data Processing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Control Theory<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Computer Vision and Image Processing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nonlinear Systems Analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#featured\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Featured Programs<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#active\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Additional Active Projects<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/past-research-projects\/\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Explore Past Research<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-wolfpack-red-color has-text-color\" id=\"featured\"><strong>Featured Research<\/strong> Programs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sweet-APPS +<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Improving Crop Productivity and Value Through Data Integration, Analytics and Decision Support Platforms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"ncst-fancy-paragraph-seventy is-text wp-block-ncst-fancy-paragraph\">\n      \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-fp-accompaniment\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-fp-image\">\n  <figure class=\"fancy-paragraph__image-container fancy-paragraph__image-square\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836.png\" data-fullsize=\"1187x1187\" data-zoom=\"true\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1187\" height=\"1187\" \n        decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"fp-image wp-image-2381\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836.png\"\n         alt=\"sweet potatoes of varying shapes and sizes on a conveyor belt\"          style=\"object-position:50% 50%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836.png 1187w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/sweetpotato-variability-e1778254654836-400x400.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1187px) 100vw, 1187px\" \/>\n          <\/a>\n          <\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"text-only wp-block-ncst-fp-accompaniment\">\n    \n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributors:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/azizah-conerly\/\" id=\"2453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Azizah Conerly<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/mariella-carbajal-carrasco\/\" id=\"2445\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mariella Carbajal Carrasco<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/jerome-maleski\/\" id=\"2457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jerome Maleski<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ncsu.edu\/rdo\/funding\/internal-funding\/grip4psi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GRIP4PSI<\/a> (NC State), USDA<\/p>\n\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n\n\n<p>Current research builds on the Sweet-APPS Project originally funded by GRIP4PSI in 2020. The initial project aimed to develop new technologies to minimize waste and maximize value for North Carolina sweetpotato producers, growers, and packers through innovations in high-throughput imaging, optical sensing and diagnostics, and integrated data analytics. In collaboration with other PSI faculty, the EnBiSys Lab helped develop an integrated data analytics and decision support platform that helps optimize management strategies to resolve inconsistencies in sweetpotato storage root quality, thereby improving outcomes and increasing produce value. <strong>Current research<\/strong> focuses on expanding dashboard capabilities and functionality as well as expanding the data acquisition tools and sensors to other crops.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/ncsu.edu\/sweet-apps\/home\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Sweet-APPS Website<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/cals.ncsu.edu\/news\/big-data-for-better-sweetpotatoes\/\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Learn More<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">InRoot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Molecular Mechanisms and Dynamics of Plant-Microbe <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">In<\/span>teractions at the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Root<\/span>-Soil Interface<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"ncst-fancy-paragraph-seventy is-text wp-block-ncst-fancy-paragraph\">\n      \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-fp-accompaniment\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-fp-image\">\n  <figure class=\"fancy-paragraph__image-container fancy-paragraph__image-square\">\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/ccrp.vcl.ncsu.edu\/content\/inroot\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"560\" \n        decoding=\"async\"\n        class=\"fp-image wp-image-2555\"\n        src=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/InRoot-logo_2020_Jpg_0.jpg\"\n         alt=\"InRoot logo\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/InRoot-logo_2020_Jpg_0.jpg 560w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/InRoot-logo_2020_Jpg_0-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/InRoot-logo_2020_Jpg_0-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/InRoot-logo_2020_Jpg_0-400x400.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/>\n          <\/a>\n          <\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"text-only wp-block-ncst-fp-accompaniment\">\n    \n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributor:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/max-gordon\/\" id=\"2461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Max Gordon<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborating Institutions:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ku.dk\/english\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">University of Copenhagen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/international.au.dk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aarhus University<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dtu.dk\/english\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Technical University of Denmark<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding: <\/strong>Novo Nordisk Foundation (via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2019\/06\/making-crops-resilient\/&amp;sa=D&amp;source=editors&amp;ust=1616182382229000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2akWee23Sx6GlrpLRnLTqS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CCRP<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n\n\n<p>One of three projects funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation that aims to take a systems-level view of plants and their interactions with microbes in the soil, roots, and foliage to improve plant health and productivity. This is particularly important in the face of climate change and emerging pathogens and pests where leveraging microbes to help plants avoid stresses while acquiring nutrients to reduce fertilizer, pesticide, and irrigation become important. Our lab is developing multi-scale models across biological scales that can predict the contribution of key plant and microbe interactions, which mediate intra- and inter-organismic resource allocation and promote plant fitness and resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/ccrp.vcl.ncsu.edu\/content\/inroot\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n         target=\"_blank\"          rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"       >\n                  <span class=\"text\">InRoot Website<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/news.ncsu.edu\/2019\/06\/making-crops-resilient\/\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n         target=\"_blank\"          rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"       >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Learn More<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">REFRAME<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A Digital Framework for Optimizing Biomass Utilization and Bioenergy Systems<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members.jpg\" data-fullsize=\"2560x1440\" data-zoom=\"true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"REFRAME team standing around conference room tables\" class=\"wp-image-2556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/REFRAME-team-members-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributor:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/mariella-carbajal-carrasco\/\" id=\"2445\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mariella Carbajal Carrasco<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborating Institutions:<\/strong> Idaho National Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, ICF International, and McCarl &amp; Associates<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.schmidtsciences.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Schmidt Sciences<\/a> via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.schmidtsciences.org\/viff\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Virtual Institute on Feedstocks of the Future (VIFF)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The four-year Resource Engineering Framework for Responsible, Augmented Modeling Engagement (REFRAME) project aims to develop an integrated framework to optimize the use of organic waste and agricultural residues for bioenergy and bioproducts. The EnBiSys Lab is leading the development of the digital backbone, focused on integrating and orchestrating heterogeneous data and models across the biomass value chain. This modular, AI-enabled platform leverages AI\/ML-based surrogate models to accelerate analysis and enable rapid exploration of diverse scenarios. The system will also incorporate LLM-based tools to provide intuitive interaction, allowing users to ask flexible questions and explore pathways to convert underutilized biomass into biofuels and other bioproducts.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/units.cals.ncsu.edu\/reframe\/\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">REFRAME Website<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BeanPACK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SoyBEAN Planting Analytics and Customized Knowledge<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/go.ncsu.edu\/beanpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/beanpack_enbisys-1024x576.png\" alt=\"a photo of a digital interactive tool (BeanPACK), showing a map of North Carolina color-coded by region and a title that says &quot;BeanPack: SoyBEAN Planting Analytics and Customized Knowledge&quot;).\" class=\"wp-image-2382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/beanpack_enbisys-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/beanpack_enbisys-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/beanpack_enbisys-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/beanpack_enbisys-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/beanpack_enbisys.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributor:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/somshubhra-roy\/\" id=\"2447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Somshubhra Roy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding and Support:<\/strong> North Carolina Soybean Producers Association, N.C. State Data Science Academy, N.C. Plant Sciences Initiative, BASF, Bayer, Drexel, and Syngenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure continued on-farm profitability, growers must have access to dynamic tools that allow them to use data science to advance the economic and environmental sustainability of their operations. The EnBiSys Lab is leading the development of a web-based grower decision support dashboard that will be easily navigable by growers across North Carolina. Using SAS Viya, a cloud-based Al tool for analytics and data management, and machine learning, this dashboard is being created using field data generated since 2019 that comprises more than 50,000 data points on the relationship of production practices with yield and quality across the state. The goal of this project is to ultimately develop web-accessible models that provide data-driven solutions about soybean production practices directly to growers.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"https:\/\/go.ncsu.edu\/beanpack\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n         target=\"_blank\"          rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"       >\n                  <span class=\"text\">BeanPACK web tool<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"ncst-scrolling-spotlight wp-block-ncst-scrolling-spotlight\" id=\"active\">\n    <div class=\"ncst-scrolling-spotlight__container\">\n      <div \n        class=\"ncst-scrolling-spotlight__image\"\n        style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-scaled.jpg); background-position: center center\"\n      >\n          <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" \n            fetchpriority=\"high\" \n            class=\"wp-image-2384\" \n            src=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-scaled.jpg\" \n            alt=\"EnBiSys lab member imaging a tomato plant with a ZED Mini stereovision camera in a light box.\"\n srcset=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ncst-scrolling-spotlight__content\" style=\"visibility:visible\">\n        \n<div class=\"has-custombg-seven-background-color ncst-split-statement wp-block-ncst-split-statement\">\n    <div class=\"ncst-split-statement__container\">\n      <div class=\"ncst-split-statement__content\">\n                \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-text-column\">\n    <h2 class=\"ncst-text-column__heading\">Additional Active Research<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"ncst-text-column__teaser\"><\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>High-Throughput Multi-Scale Sensing for Tomato Disease Phenotyping<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborating Institution:<\/strong> Cornell University (Lirong Xiang)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Funding:<\/strong> USDA-NIFA<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-accordion\" >\n    <div class=\"accordion isLinked\" id=\"ncst-accordion-25tk6a\">\n          \n<details class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item\" name=\"25tk6a\"  >\n      <summary class=\"accordion-item__header\">\n        <span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\">\n          <span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h6\">Project Description<\/h2>\n      <\/summary>\n      <p>\n        \n\n<p>Tomatoes are among the most produced and consumed vegetable crops globally, yet a wide range of destructive diseases threatens their production and fruit quality. Automated image-based systems powered by deep learning offer consistent, high-throughput disease assessments that are a scalable alternative to manual scouting. This collaborative project aims to develop an autonomous tomato disease scouting system using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs). The EnBiSys Lab contributes by generating and leveraging high-quality 2D and 3D image representations of tomato plants to support model development and extract enriched information from controlled sensing modalities not typically available in production environments. These insights are used to improve disease assessments and distill knowledge into practical, deployable tools. The goal is to reduce bottlenecks in deep learning deployability by generating robust multimodal data to close the lab-to-field domain gap and develop models for edge hardware.<\/p>\n\n\n      <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Automating the Assessment of Severity of Southern Leaf Blight (SLB) in Corn Using Machine Learning<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributors:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/grace-vincent\/\" id=\"2459\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Grace Vincent<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/chanae-ottley\/\" id=\"2451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chanae Ottley<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-accordion\" >\n    <div class=\"accordion isLinked\" id=\"ncst-accordion-xk8wcb\">\n          \n<details class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item\" name=\"xk8wcb\"  >\n      <summary class=\"accordion-item__header\">\n        <span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\">\n          <span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h6\">Project Description<\/h2>\n      <\/summary>\n      <p>\n        \n\n<p>Biotic stresses, such as SLB, may visually appear on a crop and allow for the quantification of infected regions. The quantification of such stress, which includes the scoring of plants based on the proportion of infected areas to healthy tissue, is often performed manually based on visual symptoms. The process is therefore time intensive, causing crop loss due to a delay between disease identification and management efforts. The EnBiSys Lab is taking two parallel approaches to automate the detection and grading of SLB in corn, which allows for disease detection at the plant and the plot levels. The first approach is focused on using computer vision and machine learning to perform quantification and prediction of biotic stress in corn plants. The second approach focuses on using hyperspectral images of whole fields of corn to detect and grade areas affected by SLB.<\/p>\n\n\n      <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Improving Crop Yield Prediction with Transfer Learning and Adaptive Data Augmentation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributor:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/peiran-wang\/\" id=\"2449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Peiran Wang<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-accordion\" >\n    <div class=\"accordion isLinked\" id=\"ncst-accordion-5m3sap\">\n          \n<details class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item\" name=\"5m3sap\"  >\n      <summary class=\"accordion-item__header\">\n        <span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\">\n          <span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h6\">Project Description<\/h2>\n      <\/summary>\n      <p>\n        \n\n<p>Accurate crop yield prediction is challenging due to environmental variability and data limitations. This research investigates how deep learning models can be used to improve crop yield prediction when data is limited and environmental conditions change over time. To address this challenge, the EnBiSys Lab is applying pre-trained deep learning models with transfer learning to enhance the model\u2019s ability to capture complex environmental variables. Specifically, the lab focuses on using feature extraction capabilities from pre-trained models and fine-tuning them on publicly available crop-specific agricultural datasets to improve prediction accuracy. Currently, the study focuses on soybean and canola, two economically significant crops with distinct environmental and genetic characteristics. By validating this approach to these crops, the lab aims to develop a generalized deep-learning framework that can extend to other major crops to improve yield prediction accuracy across diverse agricultural environments.<\/p>\n\n\n      <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Natural Variation and Systems-Level Properties of Gene Regulation in Drosophila<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributor:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/sharva-hiremath\/\" id=\"2463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sharva Hiremath<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborating Institution:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/reeveslab.engr.tamu.edu\/\">Reeves Lab<\/a> (Texas A&amp;M University)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-accordion\" >\n    <div class=\"accordion isLinked\" id=\"ncst-accordion-1qf8lk\">\n          \n<details class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item\" name=\"1qf8lk\"  >\n      <summary class=\"accordion-item__header\">\n        <span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\">\n          <span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h6\">Project Description<\/h2>\n      <\/summary>\n      <p>\n        \n\n<p>Regulation of gene expression is of paramount importance in animal development, with improper regulation resulting in developmental defects and diseases. In developing tissues, several genes coding for transcription factors regulate each other in a complex web of interactions known as the genetic regulatory network (GRN). The structure of a GRN is thought to be responsible for the robust and precise cell fate decisions required in a developing tissue. The long-term goal is to deduce the genetic regulatory interactions necessary for robust patterns of gene expression. The overall objective in this proposal is to use the natural variation that occurs in a panel of wild-caught fly lines to characterize the GRN responsible for precise anterior-posterior (AP) patterning in the early Drosophila embryo. This will test the central hypothesis that gene expression patterns in the AP patterning system have undiscovered regulation that can be found by examining the correlation between gene expression and natural variation in the genomes of these flies.<\/p>\n\n\n      <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Systematically Exploring the Regulation of Gene Expression in Maize<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributors:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/teague-mccracken\/\" id=\"2455\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Teague McCracken<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/max-gordon\/\" id=\"2461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Max Gordon<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Collaborating Institution:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/nelmslab.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nelms Lab<\/a> (University of Georgia)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-accordion\" >\n    <div class=\"accordion isLinked\" id=\"ncst-accordion-sfqpzg\">\n          \n<details class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item\" name=\"sfqpzg\"  >\n      <summary class=\"accordion-item__header\">\n        <span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\">\n          <span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h6\">Project Description<\/h2>\n      <\/summary>\n      <p>\n        \n\n<p>For the project, high throughput screening (HTS) techniques are used to ectopically express transcription factors (TF) in maize protoplasts. RNA-seq data is collected to measure gene expression in cells and to gain insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The EnBiSys Lab is leading the development of an improved statistical framework to analyze complex gene expression data. The aim is to overcome technical and biological variations that are typical of HTS protocols. The lab is also taking the lead in deconvolving genetic regulatory networks from the RNA-seq data to uncover cellular programming and produce new understandings of the function of specific TFs. These experiments will offer a greater understanding of TF function and aid in engineering plant systems. This project aims to accelerate plant breeding to create the &#8220;crops of tomorrow,&#8221; which is increasingly important in a changing climate.<\/p>\n\n\n      <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-ncst-separator\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Understanding Cross Species Generalization in a Plant DNA LLM<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lab Contributor:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/people\/jerry-yu\/\" id=\"2442\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jerry Yu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-accordion\" >\n    <div class=\"accordion isLinked\" id=\"ncst-accordion-7o81bb\">\n          \n<details class=\"wp-block-ncst-accordion-item\" name=\"7o81bb\"  >\n      <summary class=\"accordion-item__header\">\n        <span class=\"accordion-item__expansion-indicator\">\n          <span class=\"ncst-plus-minus-toggle\"><\/span>\n        <\/span>\n        <h2 class=\"accordion-item__label h6\">Project Description<\/h2>\n      <\/summary>\n      <p>\n        \n\n<p>Large language models (LLMs) trained on cross-species genomic sequences now predict gene regulation with unprecedented accuracy, but their internal representations remain opaque, hindering trust. Our study aims to uncover how state-of-the-art plant-DNA LLMs (PlantCaudecus and NTV3) encode species identity, a key determinant of their ability to generalize across taxa and thus to serve as foundational models for plant breeding. Our preliminary findings illuminate the pathway to responsible AI in agriculture. By revealing how models encode biological context, we can assess bias, validate cross-species generalization, and ensure transparency in decision-support tools. If validated, such findings become a bridge between genomic data and actionable breeding strategies. This would enhance efficiency, reduce resource waste, and sustain competitive advantage for producers.<\/p>\n\n\n      <\/p>\n  <\/details>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"is-text wp-block-ncst-buttons\">\n    \n<div class=\"is-style-secondary wp-block-ncst-button\">\n      <a\n        class=\"ncst-block__button-link btn\"\n        href=\"#top\"\n        data-ncst-lightbox=\"false\"\n                      >\n                  <span class=\"text\">Back to Top of Page<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span>\n              <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The EnBiSys Lab is a highly collaborative, multidisciplinary research group housed in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the N.C. Plant Sciences Initiative at NC State University. We collaborate with researchers in many diverse fields, such as plant and microbial biology, forestry, chemical engineering and others. We develop techniques for understanding and influencing&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/split-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"backgroundColor\":\"custombg_one\",\"imageID\":2384,\"imageURL\":\"https:\/\/research.ece.ncsu.edu\/enbisys\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2026\/05\/high-throughput-phenotyping-tomato-scaled.jpg\",\"pageIntro\":\"Our work is solution-focused and data-driven\",\"imageAlt\":\"EnBiSys lab member imaging a tomato plant with a ZED Mini stereovision camera in a light box.\"}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","ncst_content_audit_display":false,"ncst_backToTopFlag":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Research - 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